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Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood
The military rule has been marked by many confrontations between revolutionaries and security forces, and there have been accusations that it opened fire on unarmed protesters. Leaders of the Freedom and Justice party, the political party backed by the Muslim Brotherhood, told the British The Guardian that western governments have lobbied in favor of a “safe exit” for the military leaders, so that the transition to democracy be smooth and easy. They said that the western embassies have suggested that this may be the only way to have a successful transition.
Since the military took power they procrastinated the reformation of the country and are said to have ordered violent crackdowns on people, leaving 100 dead and thousands injured. This has compelled the international and domestic activists agencies to demand that the leaders of the military be brought to justice.
The generals are said to be frightened that they may be prosecuted by justice as soon as they release power and transfer it to the civilian authorities. Muslim Brotherhood has made clear that no immunity shall be offered to the military unless it was a move agreed by the population.
The Brotherhood said that human life was lost in these fighting, and that laws protecting life must be enacted, and if someone is found guilty must pay for it. They say they had no intention of deviating from any of the procedures.
The admission by the Muslim Brotherhood of the lobby is expected to embarrass the western countries, which had been supporting Mubarak and the other Arab authoritarian regimes, and as soon as the Arab Spring was launched had been attempting to meet the drastic requests of the public in these countries.
The British foreign office admitted that discussions on the subject had been held, but denied that it went as far as lobbying for immunity. A spokesman for the ministry said that British foreign ministry has asked, in the course of the general discussion, about the position of the Islamist party on the military immunity.
The European Union said that its officials had no idea that members of the union had approached the subject of immunity, and reminded that Europe stood firmly on the position that whoever broke the law must pay. The U.S. embassy in Cairo did not make any comment for The Guardian.
An Egyptian NGO who has been documenting some of the violence against civilians said that there was no way to rebuild a society unless those found guilty of crimes are brought to justice. The representatives of the NGO have expressed confidence that in the end the leaders of the military will pay for their actions, if found guilty.
Some of the most incriminated acts were the killing of 28 civilians at a Christian protest march last October, as they were protesting the demolition of a church, and the crackdown on protesters at the beginning of November, right before the parliamentary elections.
The practice of the military medical teams called “virginity tests,” which means that the women attending the sit-in in Tahrir Square in November were accused of having had sexual intercourse with the men in attendance there, and demanded of them to pass a virginity test.
The gesture was seen as a brutal violation of women’s rights and was criticized by both the domestic and international public opinion.
The surge of Islamist parties in the countries that removed their tyrannic leaders from power on the occasion of the first free elections has been cause for many officials across the western world to think that these countries were sinking into radicalism.
Still, on Monday, the Tunisian Al Nahda Islamist party decided that the shariah should not become the source of the civil legislation of the country. Al Nahda said that the acknowledgement of the fact that Islam is the state religion in Tunisia should be enough.
In Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood is seen as a pragmatic party, which is expected to attempt to dominate the process of writing the new constitution and to appoint the presidential candidate for the elections later in the year.
The fact that the process of drafting the constitution is dominated by the Islamists has determined some of the lawmakers to absent from the parliament amid the tensions among the Islamists, the liberals, and the military council.
20 of the 100-member panel that is entrusted with writing the constitution announced that they had withdrawn earlier because of the Islamist desire to take control over the drafting process.
Two members walked out of Wednesday’s session because of the election of a chief, despite demands that the vote be postponed until the crisis was over.
On Tuesday, Muslim Brotherhood refused to make a final decision on appointing a candidate to presidency, amid criticism that it wants to form a political monopoly in the country as a result of winning the majority of seats in the parliament.
Liberals and secularists want to make sure that the Islamists do not concentrate the entire power of the state into their hands. The military also wants the Muslim Brotherhood to back a candidate that also has the approval of the military, which in turn obtains guarantees that their interests are being protected.
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